SELECT 
  cscart_categories.category_id, 
  cscart_categories.parent_id, 
  cscart_categories.id_path, 
  cscart_category_descriptions.category, 
  cscart_categories.position, 
  cscart_categories.status, 
  cscart_categories.company_id, 
  cscart_categories.storefront_id, 
  cscart_categories.company_id, 
  cscart_seo_names.name as seo_name, 
  cscart_seo_names.path as seo_path, 
  cscart_categories.ab__lc_catalog_image_control, 
  cscart_categories.ab__fn_category_status, 
  cscart_categories.ab__fn_label_color, 
  cscart_categories.ab__fn_label_background, 
  cscart_categories.ab__fn_use_origin_image, 
  cscart_category_descriptions.ab__fn_label_text, 
  cscart_category_descriptions.ab__fn_label_show 
FROM 
  cscart_categories 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_category_descriptions ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_category_descriptions.category_id 
  AND cscart_category_descriptions.lang_code = 'ru' 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_seo_names ON cscart_seo_names.object_id = cscart_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_seo_names.type = 'c' 
  AND cscart_seo_names.dispatch = '' 
  AND cscart_seo_names.lang_code = 'ru' 
  AND cscart_seo_names.company_id = cscart_categories.company_id 
WHERE 
  1 = 1 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A') 
  AND cscart_categories.parent_id IN (271) 
  AND cscart_categories.id_path LIKE '271/%' 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND cscart_categories.company_id = 1 
ORDER BY 
  cscart_categories.is_trash asc, 
  cscart_categories.position asc, 
  cscart_category_descriptions.category asc

Query time 0.00187

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "5.32"
    },
    "ordering_operation": {
      "using_temporary_table": true,
      "using_filesort": true,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "c_status",
              "parent",
              "id_path"
            ],
            "key": "parent",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "parent_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "const"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 15,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 0,
            "filtered": "0.64",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "3.75",
              "eval_cost": "0.01",
              "prefix_cost": "5.25",
              "data_read_per_join": "627"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "parent_id",
              "id_path",
              "company_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "position",
              "is_trash",
              "storefront_id",
              "ab__fn_category_status",
              "ab__fn_label_color",
              "ab__fn_label_background",
              "ab__fn_use_origin_image",
              "ab__lc_catalog_image_control"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`zdrowy_db`.`cscart_categories`.`company_id` = 1) and ((`zdrowy_db`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`zdrowy_db`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`zdrowy_db`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`zdrowy_db`.`cscart_categories`.`status` = 'A') and (`zdrowy_db`.`cscart_categories`.`id_path` like '271/%') and (`zdrowy_db`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_category_descriptions",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "lang_code"
            ],
            "key_length": "9",
            "ref": [
              "zdrowy_db.cscart_categories.category_id",
              "const"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 0,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "0.02",
              "eval_cost": "0.01",
              "prefix_cost": "5.28",
              "data_read_per_join": "398"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "lang_code",
              "category",
              "ab__fn_label_text",
              "ab__fn_label_show"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_seo_names",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "dispatch"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "object_id",
              "type",
              "dispatch",
              "lang_code",
              "company_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "210",
            "ref": [
              "zdrowy_db.cscart_categories.category_id",
              "const",
              "const",
              "const",
              "const"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 0,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "0.02",
              "eval_cost": "0.01",
              "prefix_cost": "5.32",
              "data_read_per_join": "165"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "name",
              "object_id",
              "company_id",
              "type",
              "dispatch",
              "path",
              "lang_code"
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

category_id parent_id id_path category position status company_id storefront_id seo_name seo_path ab__lc_catalog_image_control ab__fn_category_status ab__fn_label_color ab__fn_label_background ab__fn_use_origin_image ab__fn_label_text ab__fn_label_show
596 271 271/596 Гель для стирки 0 A 1 1 gel-dlya-stirki 271 none Y #ffffff #333333 N Y
272 271 271/272 Для Духовок, плит 0 A 1 1 dlya-duhovok-plit 271 none Y #ffffff #333333 N Y
273 271 271/273 Для мытья пола 0 A 1 1 dlya-mytya-pola 271 none Y #ffffff #333333 N Y
274 271 271/274 Для мытья посуды 0 A 1 1 dlya-mytya-posudy 271 none Y #ffffff #333333 N Y
386 271 271/386 Для Обуви 0 A 1 1 dlya-obuvi 271 none Y #ffffff #333333 N Y
275 271 271/275 Для окон, стекл 0 A 1 1 dlya-okon-stekl 271 none Y #ffffff #333333 N Y
276 271 271/276 Для Сантехники 0 A 1 1 dlya-santehniki 271 none Y #ffffff #333333 N Y
597 271 271/597 Кондиционер для белья 0 A 1 1 kondicioner-dlya-belya 271 top Y #ffffff #333333 N Y
277 271 271/277 Мыло жидкое 0 A 1 1 mylo-i-poroshok 271 none Y #ffffff #333333 N Y
371 271 271/371 Мыло туалетное 0 A 1 1 mylo-tualetnoe 271 none Y #ffffff #333333 N Y
366 271 271/366 Мыло хозяйственное 0 A 1 1 mylo-hozyaystvennoe 271 none Y #ffffff #333333 N Y
278 271 271/278 Освежители воздуха 0 A 1 1 osvezhiteli-vozduha 271 top Y #ffffff #333333 N Y
281 271 271/281 Отбеливатели, Пятновыводители 0 A 1 1 otbelivateli-pyatnovyvoditeli 271 top Y #ffffff #333333 N Y
367 271 271/367 Порошок стиральный 0 A 1 1 poroshok-stiralnyy 271 none Y #ffffff #333333 N Y
282 271 271/282 Средство от засоров 0 A 1 1 sredstvo-ot-zasorov 271 top Y #ffffff #333333 N Y
283 271 271/283 Средство От комаров и мух 0 A 1 1 sredstvo-ot-komarov-i-muh 271 none Y #ffffff #333333 N Y
284 271 271/284 Универсальные средства 0 A 1 1 universalnye-sredstva 271 none Y #ffffff #333333 N Y
375 271 271/375 Чистящий порошок 0 A 1 1 chistyaschiy-poroshok 271 none Y #ffffff #333333 N Y